Several strategies have been explored to inhibit MDSC function. These include:
Targeting MDSC Development and Migration: Agents like all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can promote the differentiation of MDSCs into non-suppressive cells. Additionally, blocking chemokine receptors such as CXCR2 can prevent MDSC recruitment to the tumor site. Inhibiting MDSC Effector Functions: Drugs that inhibit the enzymatic activity of arginase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) can mitigate the immunosuppressive effects of MDSCs. Depleting MDSCs: Chemotherapeutic agents like gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil have been shown to selectively reduce MDSC populations. Combining Therapies: Combining MDSC-targeting strategies with checkpoint inhibitors or other immunotherapies can produce synergistic effects, leading to improved anti-tumor responses.
