MEN is caused by genetic mutations that are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. This means that a single copy of the mutated gene, inherited from either parent, is sufficient to cause the disorder. In MEN1, mutations occur in the MEN1 gene, which encodes the protein menin, a tumor suppressor. MEN2 is associated with mutations in the RET proto-oncogene, which plays a crucial role in cell signaling and growth. These mutations lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor development.
