Mass cytometry, also known as CyTOF (Cytometry by Time-Of-Flight), is a cutting-edge technique that combines flow cytometry and mass spectrometry to analyze the expression of multiple proteins at the single-cell level. This technology utilizes metal-tagged antibodies, allowing for the simultaneous detection of more than 40 different markers within a single cell. This high-dimensional analysis is particularly useful in cancer research for understanding the complex cellular heterogeneity of tumors.