RNA-associated silencing involves small non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) that can regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Dysregulation of miRNAs is commonly observed in various cancers, where they can function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors. For example, overexpression of certain miRNAs can inhibit the translation of tumor suppressor genes, while loss of miRNAs can lead to the overexpression of oncogenes.
