Romiplostim is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist used primarily to treat low platelet counts, a condition known as immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). This condition often arises in patients with cancer, especially those undergoing chemotherapy, which can lead to thrombocytopenia. Romiplostim works by stimulating the production of platelets in the bone marrow, thereby reducing the risk of bleeding.