The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene encodes a protein that plays a critical role in regulating cell growth, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. EGFR is a transmembrane protein with an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. When ligands such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) bind to EGFR, it triggers a cascade of downstream signaling pathways essential for cellular functions.
