What is the Impact of Tumor Microenvironment on Pathway Activation?
The tumor microenvironment plays a significant role in alternative pathway activation. Factors like hypoxia (low oxygen levels) can activate pathways such as HIF-1α, which promotes angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels) to supply the growing tumor with nutrients and oxygen. Additionally, interactions with stromal cells and extracellular matrix components can influence signaling pathways that support tumor progression.
