What are the mechanisms of mTOR activation in cancer?
mTOR activation in cancer can occur through several mechanisms: 1. Genetic Alterations: Mutations in genes coding for upstream regulators like PI3K and PTEN. 2. Growth Factors: Increased levels of growth factors and their receptors can activate the mTOR pathway. 3. Nutrient Availability: High levels of amino acids and glucose can stimulate mTOR signaling. 4. Cellular Stress: Hypoxia and oxidative stress can also influence mTOR activity.
