What Molecules are Involved in Immune Suppression?
Several molecules are involved in creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment:
Cytokines: Molecules like TGF-β, IL-10, and IL-6 can inhibit immune cell function and promote tumor growth. Checkpoint proteins: Molecules like PD-L1 and CTLA-4 on tumor cells and immune cells can inhibit T cell activation and proliferation. Metabolic enzymes: Enzymes like indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) can deplete essential nutrients required by T cells, thereby inhibiting their function.
