What Role Do Angiogenesis and the Tumor Microenvironment Play?
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is critical for both invasion and metastasis. Tumors secrete factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to promote angiogenesis, ensuring an adequate blood supply for growth and dissemination. The tumor microenvironment, which includes immune cells, fibroblasts, and the extracellular matrix, also plays a significant role. These components can either promote or inhibit cancer progression through various signaling pathways.
