Cytokines are small proteins that are crucial in cell signaling, particularly in immune responses. In cancer, cytokines can have dual roles. Pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha and IL-6 can promote tumor growth and metastasis by creating a favorable microenvironment. On the other hand, certain cytokines can stimulate anti-tumor immune responses. Therapeutic strategies often aim to modulate cytokine activity to enhance anti-cancer immunity.
