group 3: not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Why Are Some Substances Placed in Group 3?

Several reasons contribute to the classification of substances in Group 3. Primarily, it can be due to a lack of comprehensive studies in humans or animals. Sometimes, existing studies may have methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes or confounding variables, making it challenging to draw reliable conclusions. Additionally, discrepancies between human and animal data can also lead to this classification.

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