What are Catheters?
A catheter is a flexible tube that can be inserted into the body to deliver or drain fluids and medications. In the context of
cancer care, catheters are often essential tools used for various treatments, including chemotherapy, intravenous (IV) fluids, and parenteral nutrition.
Why are Catheters Used in Cancer Treatment?
Cancer treatments often require frequent administration of medications, which can be a challenging task if performed through regular needle sticks. Catheters provide a more comfortable and efficient way to administer treatments directly into the bloodstream, ensuring that medications are delivered effectively. Moreover, they can also be used for blood draws, reducing the need for multiple needle sticks.
Types of Catheters Used in Cancer Care
Several types of catheters are commonly used in cancer treatment: Central Venous Catheters (CVCs): These catheters are placed into a large vein in the chest or neck. They are used for long-term treatments and can remain in place for weeks or months.
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICCs): These are inserted into a vein in the arm and advanced to a large vein near the heart. PICCs are often used for medium to long-term treatments.
Implantable Ports: These are small devices implanted under the skin, connected to a catheter that leads to a large vein. Ports are ideal for long-term treatments and are accessed with a special needle.
Peripheral IV Catheters: These are inserted into a vein in the hand or arm and are typically used for short-term treatments.
How are Catheters Inserted?
The insertion procedure varies depending on the type of catheter. For CVCs and PICCs, the process is usually performed under local anesthesia in a sterile environment. An
ultrasound or fluoroscopy may be used to guide the catheter to the correct position. Implantable ports require a minor surgical procedure to place the port under the skin. Peripheral IV catheters are typically inserted by a nurse at the bedside.
Infection: The insertion site can become infected, leading to serious complications.
Blood Clots: Catheters can increase the risk of blood clots in the veins.
Catheter
Malfunction: The catheter can become blocked or dislodged.
Damage to
Blood Vessels: The insertion process can sometimes damage blood vessels.
Keep the insertion site clean and dry.
Follow all instructions given by your healthcare provider regarding catheter care.
Avoid strenuous activities that could dislodge the catheter.
Regularly check for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or discharge.
Fever or chills.
Redness, swelling, or warmth around the insertion site.
Pain or discomfort in the chest or arm.
Difficulty with catheter function, such as issues with fluid flow.
Conclusion
Catheters play a vital role in the treatment of cancer by providing an efficient, comfortable, and effective way to administer medications and fluids. Understanding the types, insertion procedures, potential complications, and proper care can help patients and caregivers manage their use effectively, enhancing the overall treatment experience.
