What is a Total Mastectomy?
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total mastectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the entire breast. This can include the removal of the nipple, areola, and most of the skin over the breast. It is a common treatment option for individuals with breast cancer, particularly those with large or aggressive tumors, multiple areas of cancer within the breast, or a high risk of recurrence.
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Simple (or total) mastectomy: Removes the entire breast tissue, including the nipple, areola, and skin.
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Modified radical mastectomy: Includes removal of the entire breast and some of the
axillary lymph nodes.
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Radical mastectomy: An extensive procedure that removes the breast, chest wall muscles, and all the lymph nodes under the arm (rarely performed today).
- Infection: Post-surgical infections can occur at the site of the incision.
- Bleeding: There is a risk of excessive bleeding during or after the surgery.
- Pain and discomfort: Both acute and chronic pain may follow the procedure.
- Lymphedema: Swelling due to the removal of lymph nodes, which affects the lymphatic system.
- Psychological impact: The loss of a breast can profoundly affect a patient’s emotional and mental health.
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Medical evaluation: Comprehensive assessments and imaging tests to determine the extent of cancer.
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Pre-surgical instructions: Guidelines on eating, drinking, and medications before surgery.
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Discussing reconstruction options: Consultation with a
plastic surgeon if breast reconstruction is considered.
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Psychological support: Counseling or support groups to help manage the emotional aspects of the surgery.
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Hospital stay: Typically, a patient may stay in the hospital for 1 to 2 days post-surgery.
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Drain management: Drains may be placed to remove excess fluid, and patients will need to manage these at home.
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Activity limitations: Restrictions on lifting and physical activity to allow healing.
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Follow-up care: Regular appointments to monitor healing and discuss further treatment, such as
chemotherapy or
radiation therapy if needed.
- Lumpectomy: Removal of the tumor and a small margin of surrounding tissue, often followed by radiation.
- Partial mastectomy: Removal of the cancerous part of the breast.
- Hormonal therapy: For cancers that are hormone receptor-positive.
- Targeted therapy: For certain types of breast cancer.
Living After a Total Mastectomy
Life after a total mastectomy involves adjustments but many patients lead fulfilling lives. Key aspects include:- Prosthetics or reconstruction: Options to restore breast shape.
- Surveillance and follow-up: Regular check-ups to monitor for recurrence.
- Support systems: Utilization of support groups and counseling for emotional wellbeing.
- Lifestyle modifications: Healthy diet, exercise, and avoiding tobacco to improve overall health and reduce cancer recurrence risk.
Understanding these aspects of a total mastectomy can help patients make informed decisions and prepare for the journey ahead.
