Early diagnosis is crucial for improving cancer outcomes. However, detecting cancer at an early stage is challenging due to the often asymptomatic nature of early tumors. Advances in biomarker discovery and liquid biopsies hold promise. Biomarkers are specific molecules found in blood, other body fluids, or tissues, which can indicate the presence of cancer. Liquid biopsies, which analyze circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), offer a non-invasive method for early detection. Despite these advancements, the sensitivity and specificity of these techniques need significant improvements to be reliable for routine screening.
