Altered target sites play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cancer. By causing genetic disruptions, they can lead to the loss of normal regulatory mechanisms that control cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. This often results in unchecked cell division and the formation of malignant tumors. For example, mutations in the TP53 gene, known as the "guardian of the genome," can lead to the loss of its tumor-suppressing functions, thereby promoting cancer.
