Cancer is fundamentally a genetic disease caused by genetic alterations that disrupt normal cellular functions. These alterations can affect various genes, including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes.
- Oncogenes: These are mutated forms of normal genes (proto-oncogenes) that promote cell growth. When mutated, these genes can become permanently activated, causing uncontrolled cell division. - Tumor Suppressor Genes: These genes normally inhibit cell growth and promote apoptosis. Mutations can inactivate them, removing growth suppression and allowing cells to proliferate uncontrollably. - DNA Repair Genes: These genes maintain genetic stability by repairing DNA damage. Mutations in these genes can lead to an accumulation of genetic errors, contributing to cancer development.
