MTAs primarily function by either stabilizing or destabilizing microtubules. These agents are classified into two main categories:
1. Microtubule-Stabilizing Agents: These drugs, such as Paclitaxel and Docetaxel, bind to microtubules and prevent their depolymerization. This stabilization interferes with the dynamic instability required for mitosis, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
2. Microtubule-Destabilizing Agents: These drugs, including Vinca alkaloids (e.g., Vincristine, Vinblastine) and Eribulin, bind to tubulin and inhibit microtubule polymerization. This destabilization prevents the formation of the mitotic spindle, crucial for cell division, resulting in cell death.
