Cancer cells have evolved numerous mechanisms to evade the adaptive immune system. These include:
1. Downregulation of MHC molecules to avoid detection by T cells. 2. Secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines like [TGF-beta] and [IL-10]. 3. Recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) which suppress the immune response. 4. Expression of immune checkpoint molecules such as [PD-L1] which inhibit T cell activity. 5. Inducing a hypoxic environment that can impair immune cell function.
