NER is responsible for removing bulky DNA lesions, such as those caused by UV radiation. The process involves several steps: 1. Damage recognition: Proteins identify the distorted DNA helix. 2. Excision: An enzyme complex excises a short single-stranded DNA segment containing the lesion. 3. Resynthesis: DNA polymerase fills in the gap with the correct nucleotides. 4. Ligation: DNA ligase seals the new strand into the existing DNA.
