Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the production of ROS and the body's ability to detoxify these reactive intermediates. Chronic oxidative stress can lead to DNA mutations, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation, all of which are implicated in carcinogenesis. ROS can activate signaling pathways that promote cell proliferation and survival, contributing to cancer progression. Additionally, oxidative stress can influence the tumor microenvironment, promoting inflammation and angiogenesis.
