How Does the Tumor Microenvironment Influence MDSCs?
The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the recruitment, expansion, and activation of MDSCs. Tumor-derived factors such as GM-CSF, G-CSF, VEGF, and IL-6 can promote the accumulation of MDSCs. Hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment can also enhance the immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs by inducing the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs).
