How Does the Tumor Microenvironment Influence T Cell Exhaustion?
The tumor microenvironment is a critical factor in T cell exhaustion. It consists of various cells, cytokines, and extracellular matrix components that interact with T cells. Immunosuppressive cells like Tregs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) release factors that inhibit T cell function. Additionally, metabolic competition and lack of nutrients can further exacerbate T cell exhaustion.
