The Cancer Prevention Study has had several phases:
CPS-I (1959-1972): This initial study involved over one million participants and focused on understanding the links between smoking and cancer. CPS-II (1982-present): This phase recruited approximately 1.2 million volunteers and expanded the scope to include various lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and exposure to environmental pollutants. CPS-3 (2006-2021): The most recent phase, CPS-3, aimed to further explore genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors in cancer development. It included over 300,000 participants across the United States.
