Several epigenetic therapies have been developed and are currently in use or under investigation:
DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors (DNMTis): These drugs inhibit DNA methylation, reactivating silenced tumor suppressor genes. Examples include azacitidine and decitabine, used in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes and certain leukemias. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (HDACis): These drugs modify histone acetylation, leading to a more open chromatin structure and reactivation of gene expression. Vorinostat and romidepsin are HDACis approved for treating cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. BET Inhibitors: These inhibit bromodomain and extra-terminal motif (BET) proteins that read histone modifications, affecting gene transcription. They are being investigated in clinical trials for various cancers.
