Several cancer genes have been identified and extensively studied. Some of the key genes include:
TP53: Often called the "guardian of the genome," TP53 mutations are found in more than half of all cancers. BRCA1/2: Mutations in these genes are strongly associated with breast and ovarian cancers. HER2: Overexpression of this gene is linked to aggressive forms of breast cancer. KRAS: Mutations in KRAS are common in colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers. APC: Mutations in this gene are associated with familial adenomatous polyposis, a precursor to colorectal cancer.
