The GVT effect is primarily mediated by the donor’s [T cells]( ) and [Natural Killer (NK) cells]( ). These immune cells recognize and attack the cancer cells via several mechanisms: 1. Antigen Recognition: Donor T cells recognize tumor-specific antigens presented on the surface of cancer cells. 2. Cytokine Secretion: Immune cells release cytokines that enhance the anti-tumor response. 3. Direct Cytotoxicity: NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes directly kill cancer cells through mechanisms like the release of perforins and granzymes.
