genomic stability

What are the Mechanisms of DNA Repair?

DNA repair mechanisms are vital for maintaining genomic stability. Key pathways include:
Base Excision Repair (BER): Corrects small, non-helix-distorting base lesions.
Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER): Removes bulky, helix-distorting lesions, like thymine dimers.
Mismatch Repair (MMR): Fixes mismatches and insertion-deletion loops arising during DNA replication.
Homologous Recombination (HR): Repairs double-strand breaks using a sister chromatid as a template, ensuring high fidelity.
Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ): Repairs double-strand breaks without a template, which can be error-prone.

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