What Challenges Must Be Overcome for Clinical Application?
Despite their potential, several challenges need to be addressed for the clinical application of aptamers in cancer. One major challenge is their stability in biological fluids, as nucleases can degrade aptamers, reducing their effectiveness. Chemical modifications, such as incorporating unnatural nucleotides or conjugating aptamers with protective groups, can enhance their stability. Another challenge is the efficient delivery of aptamers to tumor sites. Strategies such as using nanoparticles or liposomes to encapsulate and protect aptamers during delivery are being explored. Additionally, the cost of production and potential off-target effects need to be carefully evaluated to ensure the safety and efficacy of aptamer-based therapies.
