Macrophages are a type of inflammatory cell that plays a dual role in cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can either support or inhibit tumor growth depending on their polarization state. M1 macrophages produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and have anti-tumor activity. In contrast, M2 macrophages contribute to tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis, suppressing anti-tumor immune responses, and enhancing tissue remodeling.
