Wax buildup, also known as cerumen impaction, refers to the accumulation of earwax in the ear canal. The earwax is a natural substance produced by glands in the ear to protect the ear canal from dust, microorganisms, and other foreign particles. In most cases, earwax moves to the outside of the ear naturally. However, when there is an overproduction or inadequate clearance, it can lead to buildup and blockage.