Mechlorethamine is primarily used in the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma and certain types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is also part of the MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) regimen, which has been a standard therapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma. Additionally, it may be used as a topical treatment for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, specifically mycosis fungoides.