Identifying senescent cells in tumors is crucial for understanding their role in cancer. Common biomarkers for senescence include increased expression of p16INK4a and p21CIP1/WAF1, activation of the DNA damage response (DDR), and elevated levels of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. The presence of these markers can indicate the extent of senescence within a tumor and may provide insights into the tumor's behavior and response to therapy.
