While senescence initially acts to suppress tumor formation, it can paradoxically contribute to tumor progression under certain conditions. The SASP, which includes a range of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and proteases, can create a pro-inflammatory environment that promotes cancer cell invasion, immune evasion, and metastasis. Additionally, the persistence of senescent cells in tissues can lead to chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction, creating a microenvironment conducive to tumor progression.
