How Do Endothelial Cells Interact with the Tumor Microenvironment?
The tumor microenvironment is a complex network of various cell types, extracellular matrix components, and signaling molecules. Endothelial cells interact with this microenvironment through multiple mechanisms. They respond to hypoxia (low oxygen levels) within the tumor by upregulating the expression of pro-angiogenic factors. Additionally, they interact with other cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as pericytes, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune cells, to modulate the angiogenic process and contribute to the immune evasion of the tumor.
