GDNFs can influence cancer progression through various mechanisms. They can promote cell proliferation, enhance survival, and facilitate invasion and metastasis. For instance, GDNF has been shown to activate the Ret tyrosine kinase receptor, which in turn triggers downstream signaling pathways such as the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. These pathways are well-known for their roles in cell survival and proliferation, thereby contributing to cancer progression.
