Nuclear receptors can function as both oncogenes and tumor suppressors. For example, the estrogen receptor (ER) and the androgen receptor (AR) are known to drive the progression of breast and prostate cancers, respectively. These receptors can promote cell proliferation and survival, contributing to the aggressiveness of certain cancers. Conversely, some nuclear receptors, such as PPARγ, have been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis, acting as tumor suppressors in certain contexts.
