Proto-oncogenes can become oncogenes through various mechanisms, including:
Mutation: A change in the DNA sequence of the proto-oncogene can result in a protein that is always active or no longer regulated properly. Gene Amplification: An increase in the number of copies of the proto-oncogene can lead to an overproduction of the gene product. Chromosomal Translocation: Parts of chromosomes can break and reattach in different locations, leading to the proto-oncogene being under the control of a new promoter or being fused with another gene.
