Hypoxia can influence tumor progression in multiple ways. Firstly, it triggers a cellular response that leads to the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). These are transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, metabolism, and survival. By promoting angiogenesis, hypoxia helps tumors develop new blood vessels to improve their oxygen supply, facilitating further growth. Additionally, hypoxia can induce changes that lead to a more aggressive tumor phenotype, enhancing the ability of cancer cells to invade and metastasize to other parts of the body.
