Despite the significant progress made in understanding CagA's role in cancer, several challenges remain. One major challenge is the variability in CagA sequences among different H. pylori strains, which can result in differences in its pathogenic potential. Another challenge is the complex interplay between CagA and host cell pathways, which makes it difficult to pinpoint the exact mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Additionally, the development of resistance to antibiotics used to treat H. pylori infections poses a significant hurdle in managing the risk of gastric cancer associated with CagA.
