One of the main challenges in targeting TLR4 is its dual role in cancer. While inhibiting TLR4 may reduce inflammation and tumor progression, it could also weaken the body's immune response against the tumor. Additionally, the tumor microenvironment is highly heterogeneous, making it difficult to predict how TLR4-targeted therapies will perform in different patients. Another challenge is the potential for systemic side effects, as TLR4 is involved in multiple physiological processes.
