The disruption of signaling pathways can lead to various pathological outcomes, including:
1. Uncontrolled Cell Growth: Aberrant signaling can cause cells to proliferate uncontrollably, forming tumors. 2. Resistance to Apoptosis: Cancer cells often develop mechanisms to evade apoptosis, allowing them to survive longer than normal cells. 3. Metastasis: Altered signaling pathways can enable cancer cells to invade surrounding tissues and spread to distant organs. 4. Angiogenesis: Enhanced signaling can promote the formation of new blood vessels, supplying the tumor with nutrients and oxygen.
