Several efflux transporters are implicated in drug resistance in cancer: - P-glycoprotein (P-gp): Encoded by the MDR1 gene, P-gp is one of the most studied efflux transporters. It can expel a wide range of chemotherapeutic agents, including doxorubicin, vinblastine, and paclitaxel. - Multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs): These include MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3, which transport organic anions and drugs conjugated to glutathione. - Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP): Also known as ABCG2, BCRP is involved in the efflux of various anticancer drugs, including methotrexate and topotecan.
