What Are the Major Mechanisms for Maintaining Genomic Integrity?
Several mechanisms are in place to maintain genomic integrity:
DNA Repair Pathways: These pathways, including base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and homologous recombination, correct different types of DNA damage. Cell Cycle Checkpoints: Checkpoints at G1, S, and G2/M phases of the cell cycle ensure that cells do not replicate damaged DNA. Apoptosis: Programmed cell death eliminates cells with irreparable DNA damage, preventing the propagation of mutations.
