What are the Mechanisms of TNF in Cancer Progression?
TNF may promote cancer progression through several mechanisms. It enhances the expression of angiogenic factors, which leads to increased blood vessel formation supporting tumor growth. TNF also activates signaling pathways such as NF-kB and MAPK, which are associated with cell survival and proliferation. Additionally, TNF can facilitate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that enhances the metastatic potential of cancer cells.
