Sample variability in cancer can arise from numerous sources, including:
Genetic heterogeneity: Variations in the genetic makeup of cancer cells within the same tumor or between tumors in different patients. Tumor microenvironment: Differences in the surrounding cells, blood vessels, and signaling molecules that can affect tumor behavior and response to treatment. Sampling method: Variations in how samples are collected, processed, and stored can introduce inconsistencies. Patient-specific factors: Individual differences such as age, gender, lifestyle, and pre-existing conditions.
