Several genes commonly harbor mutations in various cancers. These genes typically fall into two categories: oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
Oncogenes: These are genes that, when mutated or overexpressed, can drive cancer development. Examples include KRAS, BRAF, and EGFR. Mutations in these genes often lead to continuous cell signaling and proliferation. Tumor Suppressor Genes: These genes normally function to prevent uncontrolled cell growth. When inactivated by mutations, they can no longer suppress tumor formation. Notable examples include TP53, RB1, and BRCA1/BRCA2.
