The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is crucial in cancer progression. It enhances tumor cell migration and invasion by acting as a chemoattractant that guides tumor cells to CXCL12-rich metastatic sites such as the bone marrow, liver, and lungs. Additionally, CXCL12 promotes tumor cell survival by activating cell signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK, which are essential for cell growth and survival.
