Promoting cell survival: By enhancing the cell's ability to manage protein misfolding and stress, the UPR allows cancer cells to survive in the harsh tumor microenvironment. Supporting metastasis: UPR activation can lead to increased expression of proteins that promote cell adhesion and migration, facilitating metastasis. Regulating apoptosis: The UPR has a dual role in apoptosis. While it can trigger cell death under extreme stress, it more commonly acts to prevent apoptosis in cancer cells, allowing them to survive and proliferate.
