Several key protein interactions are critical in cancer biology:
p53-MDM2 Interaction: As mentioned, the binding of MDM2 to p53 leads to the degradation of p53, thus preventing it from executing its tumor-suppressive functions. BCR-ABL Fusion Protein: This protein is a result of a chromosomal translocation and is primarily associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The BCR-ABL fusion protein has constitutive kinase activity that promotes uncontrolled cell proliferation. EGFR and Ligands:Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) interactions with its ligands trigger downstream signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathways, leading to cell survival and proliferation. Mutations in EGFR can result in continuous activation of these pathways, contributing to cancer. BRCA1-BRCA2 Interaction: Both BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in DNA repair. Mutations in these genes disrupt their interaction and compromise the DNA repair process, leading to genomic instability and increased risk of cancers, particularly breast and ovarian cancers.
